A timeline for the Top of the South - based on our stories
- A local story tells of Kereopa escaping Kupe by causing the Boulder Bank to grow boulders in front of Kupe's pursuing canoe.
c1200
- Maori quarry argillite stone from the eastern Nelson mineral belt
1642
- Dutch explorer Abel Janszoon Tasman sails into Golden Bay
1700s
- Rangitane build a network of canals and channels to harvest fish in the Vernon Lagoons
1770
- Captain Cook makes his first visit to Ship Cove
1810
- Ngati Apa establish themselves across the top of the south after Tumatakokiri's comprehensive defeat
1827
- Dumont D'Urville passes through Tasman Bay
- John Guard establishes the first shore whaling station in the Tory Channel
1838
- The New Zealand Company is formed
- Samuel Ironside establishes the Cloudy Bay Mission
1841
- New Zealand Company ships arrive to survey Nelson.
1842
- The Fifeshire, carrying the first European settlers arrives in Nelson Haven (Feb 1)
- Charles Elliott opens NZ's first bookshop in Nelson and Nelson's first newspaper, The Nelson Examiner and New Zealand Chronicle
- Nelson's first road is formed from the Haven to town; Saltwater Creek is bridged
- "Native tenths" selected by the New Zealand Company
- First sermon preached in Nelson by Bishop Selwyn in Nelson
- First public school opened in Nelson on town acre 208
1842
- Nelson Literary and Scientific Institute opens its first reading room in Trafalgar Street (the forerunner of the Nelson Library and Museum)
1843
- Wairau Affray - death of Arthur Wakefield, Cotterell and other settlers.
- William Fox becomes Resident Agent in Nelson
- First German settlers arrive in Nelson Province aboard the St Pauli
- Matthew Campbell and others establish Nelson School Society
1846
- Kehu, Brunner and Heaphy explore the Buller River
- Nathaniel Morse and Dr John Cooper bring sheep to the Wairau Valley
1847
- James Wynen sets up the first business in the Beaver - what is to become Blenheim
1848
- Thomas Marsden builds the first house at, what is now, Isel Park
1853
- Nelson Provincial Council formed
- Governor Grey transfers 918 acres of the best Maori-owned horticultural land in Motueka to the Church
- Appo Hocton naturalised in Nelson - the first naturalised Chinese New Zealander
1854
- Samuel Stephens elected to represent Nelson in the General Assembly
1856
- Aorere goldrush
- Nelson Education System established ; Nelson College, New Zealand's first State Secondary School is established
- Father Garin builds St Marys in Nelson
1857
- First wharf in Nelson built by William Akersten, a marine surveyor
1858/9
- Nelson's Christ Church becomes a cathedral and Nelson becomes a city
1859
- Marlborough becomes a Province in its own right, separating from Nelson Province
- Ferdinand von Hochstetter, geologist arrives in Nelson
1862
- Opening of Dun Mountain tramway
1863
- Huria Matenga rescues crew from the wreck of the Delaware
- John Danforth Greenwood appointed headmaster of Nelson College
1864
- Wakamarina Gold rush
1866
- Maungatapu murders
- Blenheim becomes the Provincial capital of Marlborough - since 1859 it had been Picton
- Cook Strait Cable laid across to Whites Bay
1868
- Establishment of Hampden Street School, Nelson
- Foundation of the Nelson Rugby Club
1869
- Baigents Timber yard opens in Nelson
- Mary Ann Muller, suffragist, publishes an Appeal to the Men of New Zealand
1870
- New Zealand's first game of rugby is played at the Nelson Botanics
1871
- Birth of Ernest Rutherford at Spring Grove, near Brightwater
1873
- Work on the Nelson Railway begins
- David Herd plants the first vineyard in Marlborough
1875
- The Nelson Provincial Council abolished
- Blenheim to Picton section of the Main Trunk Railway is opened
1876
- Nelson to Foxhill rail opened
- Trans-Tasman cable laid from La Perouse (Australia) to Cable Bay
1877
1882
- James Rutherford, father of Ernest, establishes a flax mill at Ruapaka, near Havelock.
1883
- Completion of Fairfield House, Nelson
1888
- The road over Takaka Hill is opened
- Trafalgar Park, Nelson, opened
1891
- Formal opening of Nelson's Queen's Gardens
1894
- Tophouse Murder
1897
- The Edwin Fox arrives in Picton
1898
- Bishop Suter Art Gallery, Nelson, opens
- Takaka Sluicing Company is set up to mine for gold at Waikoropupu Springs
1902
- Awatere road/ rail bridge opened (replaced 2007)
1903
- Cleghorn Rotunda built in Blenheim
1904
- Nelson Technical Institute established (now NMIT)
- Giacomo Persico arrives in Nelson to become Nelson's first Italian tomato grower
1905
- Motueka Harbour Board formed - one of the Tasman/ Golden Bay ports
1906
- The Cut in Nelson's Boulder Bank completed, which allows improved access for Port Nelson shipping
1909
- Wreck of the Penguin in Cook Strait
1911
- Perano family found a whaling industry at Arapawa Island (existed to 1964)
1912
- Thomas Cawthron finances the construction of the church steps in Nelson
1913
- The Chaffeys arrive in the Cobb Valley
1914
- First infantry volunteers from Nelson (the 12th Company) leave for World War I (August 15)
1915
- Brownlee's sawmills relocate to West Coast, having exhausted the Marlborough forests over 30 years of operation
1918
- Charles Lowe builds New Zealand's first flue-curing barn on his Harakeke tobacco farm
1920
- First Cook Strait flight arrives at Dillon's Point, near Blenheim
- Onekaka Iron & Steel Company Ltd formed
1921
- Cawthron Institute is founded
- First plane lands in Nelson; a converted WWI trainer which flew from Wellington and landed in Marsden's paddock at Stoke
1923
- Great Flood in Blenheim
1928
- Southern Cross arrives at Woodbourne after the first Trans-Tasman flight
1929
1937
- Eileen Duggan, Marlborough poet, is awarded an OBE
1938
- First airport built for Nelson
1939
- New Zealand Hop Marketing Board is established in Richmond
1941
- Roding Waterworks opens
1942
- Abel Tasman National Park established
- Jim Eyles makes his first archaeological discoveries on Wairau Bar
1951
- Wellington to Lyttelton Yacht Race proves disastrous for most vessels; but is a triumph for the Nelson Yacht Tawhiri.
1955
- Nelson rail line is closed
1956
- Nelson's first and New Zealand's first fulltime craft potter Mirek Smisek began working in Nelson
1960
- Chez Eelco opens in Nelson
1960's
- Port land reclamation begins - reclaiming land from the haven
1965
- New Zealand Sea Products Export Ltd. opens in Nelson (later to become Sealords)
1967
- Nelson's current Cathedral building opened
1968
- Jens Hansen (of the Lord of the Rings ring) opens his silversmith's shop in Nelson
1987
- First WOW show in Spring Grove
- Maitai Dam opens
- Founders Park, Nelson, opens
1990
- Elma Turner Library opens
- Te Awatea Hou built
1995
- Whakatu Marae opens
- Miyazu Gardens opens
2005
- Nelson Provincial Museum opens in Nelson city
2007
- Huangshi Chinese Garden opens as part of Queens Gardens in Nelson






